Codice fiscale
From Students@SISSA wiki
The codice fiscale or fiscal code is a unique identification number assigned to all Italians at birth by the Ministry of Finance. Any foreigner can request the Ministry to issue a codice fiscale without any formality. This code is used to uniquely identify any citizen for tax related purposes and hence is requested by (almost) any public office as a simple way to uniquely record your data. In order to request the code you must show an identification document (ID card or passport) since the code is generated combining your birth place, birth date, name and surname.